Create a Kotlin function that takes a URL string as input and extracts various components from it, such as the protocol, domain, path, and query parameters.

Task Description:

1. Implement a function named extractUrlComponents that accepts a URL string.
2. The function should return a data class UrlComponents containing the extracted components: protocol, domain, path, and a map of query parameters.
3. Handle different URL formats and edge cases, such as URLs without certain components (e.g., missing query parameters).

Test cases

/**
 * Test Cases:
 * - extractUrlComponents("http://www.example.com/test/path?query=123&item=value")
 *   should return UrlComponents(protocol="http", domain="www.example.com", path="/test/path", queryParams={"query"="123", "item"="value"})
 * 
 * - extractUrlComponents("https://sub.example.com/path?param=value")
 *   should return UrlComponents(protocol="https", domain="sub.example.com", path="/path", queryParams={"param"="value"})
 *
 * - extractUrlComponents("https://www.example.com/path?name=&age=30")
 *   should return UrlComponents(protocol="https", domain="www.example.com", path="/path", queryParams={"name"="", "age"="30"})
 *
 * - extractUrlComponents("http://www.example.com/path/to/resource?param1=value1&param2=value2")
 *   should return UrlComponents(protocol="http", domain="www.example.com", path="/path/to/resource", queryParams={"param1"="value1", "param2"="value2"})
 */

1. Fill in the code.
2. You can copy the code into IntelliJ/Android Studio, but it shouldn’t be necessary.
3. Click “run” – the green triangle. The code will compile and several tests will be run.
4. In the logs, you will see “try again” if the solution is incorrect, or “success” and a special code.
5. Provide this code in the form below along with your email and click “send”.

data class UrlComponents(val protocol: String, val domain: String, val path: String, val queryParams: Map<String, String>)